Armero tragedy

The Armero tragedy (Spanish: Tragedia de Armero) was the major consequence of the November 13, 1985 eruption of the Nevado del Ruiz volcano in Tolima, Colombia. After 69 years of dormancy, the eruption caught nearby towns unaware, even though the government had received warnings to evacuate the area from multiple volcanological organizations when volcanic activity had been detected in September 1985.[1]
As pyroclastic flows erupted from the volcano's crater, they melted the mountain's glaciers, sending four enormous lahars (volcanically induced mudslides, landslides, and debris flows) down its slopes at 60 kilometers (37 mi) per hour. The lahars picked up speed in gullies and coursed into the six major rivers at the base of the volcano; they engulfed the town of Armero, killing more than 20,000 of its almost 29,000 inhabitants.[2] Casualties in other towns, particularly Chinchiná, brought the overall death toll to 23,000. Footage and photographs of Omayra Sánchez, a young victim of the tragedy, were published around the world. Other photographs of the lahars and the impact of the disaster captured attention worldwide and led to controversy over the degree to which the Colombian government was responsible for the disaster. One person at a mass funeral in Ibague said, "The volcano didn't kill 22,000 people. The government killed them."



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Darfur arms report that angered China goes to UN

More than 2.6m people have been displaced by fighting in Darfur since 2003, the UN says
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The UN Security Council has received a controversial report on violations of the Darfur weapons embargo, after weeks of delays due to objections by China.

The confidential report, which was leaked, says Chinese bullets have been found in Sudan's conflict-torn region.

The document does not say Beijing is necessarily responsible.

But it suggests China is not doing enough to ensure arms it sells to Khartoum do not end up in Darfur. The Chinese have criticised the report.

They say it is vaguely worded and full of flaws.

Beijing had previously refused to allow the Security Council's Sudan Sanctions Committee to formally pass the report to council members.

Ceasefires and peace negotiations have failed to end the conflict in the volatile western Sudanese region.

Close allies

The report, written by a panel of experts, was handed to British Ambassador Mark Lyall Grant, who currently presides the Security Council.

According to the leaks, it says a dozen varieties of bullet casings found in Darfur bore markings indicating the ammunition had been manufactured in China.

The BBC's Barbara Plett at the UN in New York says the allegations are controversial, but adds that China has the right to sell munitions to Khartoum as long as they are not used in Darfur.

The panel of experts has previously claimed that large amounts of foreign arms and ammunition are being trafficked into Darfur, fuelling the conflict between the government and rebel groups.

It was not immediately clear if the report would be made public.

Sudan and China are close allies - Beijing has played a key role in developing Sudan's oil industry.

The UN says that about 300,000 people have died and more than 2.6 million displaced by fighting since rebels took up arms in the region in 2003.

Sudan's President Omar al-Bashir is wanted by the International Criminal Court on charges his forces committed war crimes in Darfur - allegations he denies.

His government says the number of casualties in the Darfur conflict has been exaggerated for political reasons and the real figure is about 10,000.





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