Richard Plantagenet Campbell Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, the only son of Richard Plantagenet Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, 2nd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, was born on 10 September 1823.[6] By the mid-19th century the family was in financial difficulty.[10][note 2] The family's estates and their London home at Buckingham House were sold and the family seat of Stowe House seized by bailiffs as security and its contents sold.[10] Over 40,000 acres (16,000 ha) of the family's 55,000-acre (22,000 ha) estates were sold to meet debts.[10]
The only property in the control of the Grenville family was the small ancestral home of Wotton House and its associated lands around Wotton Underwood near Brill.[14] The Grenvilles looked for ways to maximise profits from their remaining farmland around Wotton, and to seek opportunities in heavy industry and engineering.[6] Richard Plantagenet Campbell Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville (titled Marquess of Chandos following the death of his grandfather Richard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Chandos in 1839) was appointed chairman of the London and North Western Railway (LNWR) on 27 May 1857.[6] After the death of his father on 29 July 1861 he became 3rd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos,[10] and resigned from chairmanship of the LNWR, returning to Wotton House to manage the family's estates.[6] His efforts to pay debts incurred by his father earned praise from Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli,[15] and in 1875 he was appointed Governor of Madras, serving until 1880.[15]
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