Mount Stromlo

Following the end of the war Woolley redirected the Commonwealth Observatory from solar research towards the study of stars and galaxies. It took time to get the old and unused telescopes back up to working condition: they had to be overhauled and refurbished, and in one case rebuilt from scrap.[1] Woolley got funding approval from the Prime Minister for construction of a 74-inch telescope, but it would not be finished for years. Gascoigne began to work in the nascent field of photoelectric photometry, using electrical devices to measure the brightness of stars more accurately than had been possible using photographic techniques. In 1951, with equipment brought by visiting astronomer Gerald Kron from California's Lick Observatory, he observed Cepheid variable stars, which are used to measure astronomical distances.[2][3] Granted nine months of observing time on the Observatory's Reynolds 30-inch reflector telescope – an extraordinary opportunity – Gascoigne, Kron and others surveyed Cepheid stars in both the Small Magellanic Cloud and, later, the Large Magellanic Cloud. They also examined the colours of star clusters in the Small Cloud. The research produced remarkable results: "it meant that the Magellanic Clouds were twice as far away as was previously thought, and if then the baseline is twice as long, the size of the universe is doubled."[1] It also showed that star formation in the Magellanic Clouds had occurred more recently than in the Milky Way. The results overturned the prevailing view that our galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds had evolved in parallel.[11] Gascoigne said of his work:
When suddenly all this dropped into place, after I had been working away at it for quite a while, measuring more Cepheids in our own Galaxy and some in the Large Cloud, the feeling of triumph, the great feeling that I had really done something, was wonderful. I had joined the professional astronomers. Not only that, but I truly understood a problem, a proper problem...[1]


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Ivory Coast election: Army says it has sealed borders

Borders have been shut and foreign news channels suspended
Continue reading the main story
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The Ivorian military has sealed the country's borders and blocked foreign media as tensions rise over the outcome of the presidential election run-off.

It comes after the Constitutional Council rejected a declaration by the electoral commission that opposition candidate Alassane Ouattara had won.

Supporters of President Laurent Gbagbo had tried to block the long-delayed result, alleging fraud in the north.

The UN Security Council asked both sides to show restraint.

"The air, land and sea border of the country are closed to all movement of people and goods," Ivorian military spokesman Babri Gohourou said.

The border would remain closed until further notice, Mr Gohourou added.

Fraud allegations
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Ivory Coast


World's largest cocoa producer
Once hailed as a model of stability, slipped into internal strife several years after death of first President Felix Houphouet-Boigny in 1993
An armed rebellion in 2002 split the country between rebel north and government south
A power-sharing government took over in 2007 with the ex-rebel leader as prime minister
2010: First presidential elections in 10 years -culmination of the peace process
Country profile: Ivory Coast
Shortly after, the military announced "the immediate suspension of all foreign news channels" in the country, including CNN, France24 and Radio France International FM.

The announcement of the result of Sunday's run-off had been much delayed, leading to heightened tension in the country.

Supporters of President Ggagbo had tried to block the result, saying there had been fraud in the north, the region where Mr Ouattara is most popular.

The north is also controlled by former rebels.

The head of the independent electoral commission (IEC) , Youssouf Bakayoko, said Mr Ouattara had won 54% of the vote, compared with 46% for Mr Gbagbo.

He was speaking under armed guard at a hotel, rather than from the commission's headquarters.

UN appeal
At about the same time, the head of the Constitutional Council, Paul Yao N'Dre, who is seen as being close to Mr Gbagbo, said it was taking over the declaration from the election commission.

"Because of disagreements on the results of some regions, the independent electoral commission wasn't able to give the provisional results," Mr N'Dre said.


The two candidates represent the two sides of the north-south divide
"The Constitutional Council - responsible for sorting out disputes in presidential elections - finds itself in charge, to find a solution to the disagreements, and proclaim the definitive presidential election results."

The election was intended to reunify the world's largest cocoa producer which split in two after a civil war in 2002.

But the BBC's John James in Abidjan says there will now be a tug of war between the two bodies with the outcome unclear.

After a closed-door meeting, the members of the UN Security Council appealed to both sides to solve their difficulties peacefully.

The council members "reiterated their readiness to take the appropriate measures against those who obstruct the electoral process and, especially, the work of the IEC", the US ambassador to the UN, Susan Rice, said after the meeting.

French President Nicolas Sarkozy has urged the constitutional council to "respect the will clearly expressed by the Ivorian people", while the US White House said that "no party should be allowed to obstruct further the electoral process".

The International Criminal Court said it would be monitoring acts of violence.

Both the army and UN peacekeepers have been patrolling Abidjan's streets since Sunday to prevent an outbreak of violence.







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